Friday, 6 August 2010

The collapse of European communism, linked with the Berlin Wall, had "a profound effect on British theatremaking" claims Haydon (2009), arguing that "it was possible for British theatremakers to affect a kind of ersatz revolutionary stance", providing a strong and "convenient position" to be critical of the government or capitalism, that "there was a sense that idealism could be powerful, that it could have regime-changing consequences".

In Britain, "it felt as if we'd lost any meaningful opposition" while eastern Europeans were celebrating their newly found freedom...
"A new age of powerlessness had begun, from which I believe we're yet to fully recover. While old leftist playwrights such as David Hare and David Edgar wrote about this changed political landscape (all the way from The Shape of the Table to Berlin, new dramatists began to examine the bleakness of life under unopposed capitalism). Change became personal at best, impossible at worst. Theatre started to look at ways for idealists to co-exist with capitalism. 'We're all part of the system, so let's all try to be nice' seemed to be the new attitude... we now live in a country where half of the banks are virtually state-owned – and there's no talk of an alternative. It feels very much like three generations watching the Berlin Wall being smashed also experienced the breaking of something much bigger." (Haydon, 2009)

Thursday, 5 August 2010

MADA MSN3 Critical Evaluation

8th August 2010

This Self-Negotiated unit has provided an in-depth learning experience for me to engage in a thorough research and to focus on those topics of my choice, and it has also allowed me to reflect on the MADA as a whole as it reaches the end of my first year. In this evaluation, I would like to focus on three things:
1) General overview of my experiences,
2) Issues and challenges which have I have become aware of, both theoretical and technical, and 
3) How those issues have provided me with ideas and insights further develop myself.

The unit started with various issues that were unexpected, and often I was unclear to where this project was going, for how far it would go. I was unable to focus on the unit at an early stage as work from my other units had affected the amount of time I could devote. Time management also became problematic towards the end of the unit due to my professional commitment, which resulted as inconsistency in approach to my research and production. I found it difficult to follow my timescale originally proposed in my learning agreement, and this is one of the prominent elements which reflect in the stage I am at in my project.

There are several issues that have come up during the process of research and production, both technical and theoretical. Various concerns started to form as I began my research, showing technical challenges to the project, however, it should be noted that these obstacles resulted in clarifying how I could approach and manage my work scheme as a whole, and schedules for analysis and evaluation was carried out accordingly. Although I have managed to put together a prototype to show the fundamental ideas and highlighted development potentials, two weeks of delay in research on visual presentation which resulted in delaying of production, has left me with small amount of time to reach the final result in time for the twentieth anniversary of the German unification, on 3 October, 2010.

One of the challenges I faced was a technical issue, which involved locating search engines that enabled me to filter and apply the criteria I felt essential. This was made possible only after I had a tutorial with Dr. Phil Archer, a lecturer at NUCA, who also provided me with an enormous amount of skills and knowledge on coding – another crucial tool for the structural basis of my project. Arranging for a tutorial involved discussing it with several lecturers before I could pinpoint what I needed to, and organizational communication was a contributing factor of delay. Coding with Pure Data and Autoitscript, of which I had no understanding of, has contributed greatly towards learning about the digital culture. I feel this was possible due to the nature of this unit, allowing me to endeavor on a project with specialized practices, including an investigation of digital and online methods of data collection; tagging digital mapping and visualization; and publicly accommodated photographic images and how photographers relate to and define their works of images.

My original intention proposed in my learning agreement, to “display an image of the Berlin Wall composed of series of smaller photographs, uploaded online” to represent individuals and their perceptions, is yet completed. Although there are artists and scholars who have connected descriptive text or phrases to photographs online or via their databases (Whitelaw, 2010; Harris, & Kamvar, 2006), I have not been able to directly display the link between perceptions and images. Research on Berliners’ emotions and perceptions were carried out accordingly, although through the process I have realized Flash nor Premiere were fit for use in this project, and introduced programs such as Autoitscript and Pure Data for control and manipulation of images collected online through Flickr Hive Mind. I have not been able to locate the venue or format for means of presentation, but this will become relevant when the project is nearer its completion. Technical challenges, such as representing the ratio of photographs true to its original, appearances of image: time, size, quantity, opacity, overall display of images, and accuracy of individually tagged images – which also raises theoretical questions to definitions of collected images (Pink, 2005) – still remain.

The concept of this project, to visualise Berliners’ perceptions and/or emotions, also raised new set of dilemmas. Through the research process, I have identified and connected the issue of psychosocial divide within Germany with more generally spoken digital divide. This acknowledges the gap of accessibility to the internet within citizens of East and West German states, as well as their cultures which involve possessing digital photography equipments, uploading the photographic images online for the wider public to view, or otherwise. Therefore concepts based on digital technology will, to varying extent, reflecting a stronger Western influence of perceptions – potentially neglecting view and values of citizens in the new Eastern states of Germany, and possibly projecting Western bias.

On reflection, I am confident to claim that the original intent of this project, to visualize Berliners’ perceptions, has partially reached its goal. Through research it became clear that it is technologically possible, with remaining challenges, and has established that values or personal narratives can be connected to photographic images via the web.

This project has also helped me refocus on my areas of expertise, as well as developing, in photojournalism and sociopolitical science. Social phenomena and trends are influenced by historical and cultural environment, and the dialectic characteristics of Berlin, becoming two opposing forces under the influence of the Cold War rivals, and the psychological and cultural effects which are still evident in the unified city today. Based on my previous research on Berliners’ and perceptions on unification, I was able to develop my understanding of visual representation, as well as its current trend of narrative online. Within the culture strengthened by individual initiatives such as blogging, and mass-scale and bottom-up management seen in collective editing and tagging and engaging in them myself, I have gained further understanding of internet and how it influences people’s lives and values. Cultural divide between those with access to internet in comparison to those without, could be applied to former East and West German citizens, and opened up a further scope in researching their interactions online. This will enhance current understandings of the so-called “Wall in the head” or Mauer im Kopf – a term often used to emphasise the divide of individual perceptions and values in two halves of Germany – alongside social and psychological researches carried out to this day.

References: 
Harris, J. & Kamvar, S. (2006) An exploration of human emotion, in six movements. [Online]
http://www.wefeelfine.org/ [04/08/2010]
Pink, D. (2005) Folksonomy. [Online]
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/11/magazine/11ideas1-21.html?_r=1 [04/08/2010]
Vander Wal, T. (2010) Understanding the Cost of We Can't Find Anything. [Online] http://www.personalinfocloud.com/folksonomy/ [04/08/2010]
Whitelaw, M. (2010) CommonsExplorer. [Online] http://visiblearchive.blogspot.com/ [01/08/2010]

MNS3 Presentation


Wednesday, 4 August 2010

Google Insights for "Berlin Wall" Search


Google Insights for Search* picks up quantitative data from the internet with given filter and search terms. The chart above is the search result from: terms berlin wall, berliner mauer; Worldwide, 2004 - present; covering categories: Arts & Humanities, Entertainment, Local, Society, News & Current Events, Reference. Two trends emerge here for the English term "berlin wall": showing a peak in November 2009, 20th anniversary of the Wall being breached which accumulated global interest; as well as repeating global pattern, where every May sees the highest buzz of the year. In contrast, "berliner mauer" (German for the Berlin Wall) sees more an evened out trend, with an increase, over the anniversary.

*The Search analyses a portion of worldwide Google web searches from all Google domains to compute the number of searches that have been done for the terms that you've entered, relative to the total number of searches done on Google over time. You can choose to see data for select Google properties, including Web search, Images, Product search and News search (certain properties aren't currently available in all countries/territories).

On the results page, you'll see:
a graph with the search volume, indicating interest over time (GMT) for your terms, plotted on a scale from 0 to 100; the totals are indicated next to bars by the search terms (read more about how we scale and normalise the data)
a breakdown of how the categories are classified
lists of the top searches and top rising searches
a world heat map graphically displaying the search volume index with defined regions, cities and metros
Keep in mind that Insights for Search uses data aggregated over millions of users without personally identifiable information and is powered by computer algorithms. In addition, it only displays results for search terms that receive a significant amount of traffic and enforces minimum thresholds for inclusion in the tool.


Google Insights for Search (2010) Web Search Interest: berlin wall, berliner mauer. [Online] 

Folksonomy

What was once claimed "a new approach to [online] categorization" (Pink, 2005), might help my project. Tagging by users, for example on Flickr, allows searches to retrieve a particular categories of photos. Although some say people are not categorizing information, but "throwing words out there for their own use", the system produces a self-organized classification of digital material online. Whilst other people can examine and label your photos, and "is idiosyncratic rather than systematic" which sacrifices "perfection" to lower the barrier to entry.
"Officials from the Guggenheim, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and a half-dozen other establishments are taking a folksonomic approach to their online collections by allowing patrons to supplement the specialized lexicon of curators". (Pink, 2005)
Pink, D.H. (2005) Folksonomy. [Online] http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/11/magazine/11ideas1-21.html?_r=3 [04/08/2010]

Unification not Complete

"German unification is not complete", Angela Merkel admitted shortly before the 20th anniversary of the Wall's opening (SMD, 2009). Many in Germany still feels "the economic, social and psychological divisions once demarcated by the Wall" and "the country had yet to fulfil promises made when East and West reunited in 1990", claimed CNN (2009).

She has also said that Germany faced "a challenge the likes of which it has not seen since reunification," a reference to the immense costs of raising the social and economic standards in the former East to the levels equivalent to western regions (Dempsey, 2009). 

"In the new (former East German) states we also have far greater structural unemployment than is the case in the old federal republic", claimed the German chancellor, and reunification a "political and economic success for the people in all parts of Germany" even though it has "not yet been achieved in all areas"   (DPA, 2010)

Interior Minister, Thomas de Maiziere, who had been a state secretary for West Germany - and his cousin Lothar de Maiziere was East Germany’s only freely elected premier - argued, "we objectively had too little time, we were driven people". West Germans had taken a "paternalistic stance towards the East — along the lines of 'we know what’s right for our sisters and brothers in the East'", stated de Maiziere, although "in truth, we did not know" (DPA, 2010)

These reports confirm the mentality in Germany, that after 20 years since the Wall was breached and €1.3 trillion (SMD, 2009) later, the social and psychological divide is still evident. 

CNN (2009) Berlin celebrates night that changed world. [Online] 
http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/11/09/berlin.wall.anniversary/index.html [04/08/2010]
Dempsey, J. (2009) Merkel Says Worst Still Ahead in Germany. [Online] http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/11/business/global/11debt.html?_r=1 [04/08/2010]
DPA (2010) 20 years on, German reunification still not complete: Merkel. [Online] http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article487380.ece [04/08/2010]
SMD (2009) 20 Years On Berlin Celebrates the Day the Wall Fell. [Online] http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,660134,00.html [04/08/2010]

The Visible Archive


Whitelaw and Hinton began working for a "show everything" interface for the State Library of New South Wales, Australia, then developed the idea for the Flickr Commons (Whitelaw, 2010). He has also worked on A1 Explorer, another interface where key phrases are linked to archived photographs.

This is an idea to connect the uploaded photographs in my project with words, from photo description of the images or blogs, to link images and text which may include preceptions.


Whitelaw, M. (2010) CommonsExplorer. [Online] http://visiblearchive.blogspot.com/ [01/08/2010]

Monday, 2 August 2010

tutorial with Phil

22 July 2010

discussed ways of:
a) collecting photographic data online, and
b) coding, to visualise/control the collected images.

Online image data collection
WIG 
Searches Google under a set criterion and keywords, downloads the images and then saves in a folder. Free version (WIG Light) or €20 for a version with no limits to the amount of images to download. It can also translate search phrase into other languages [WIG, 2010].


Another website introduced to me was Fiveprime and its Flickr Hive Mind. Hive Mind is a "data mining tool" which allows users to sort photographic images from Flickr, that includes searching images with licenses that allow non-commercial and commercial use [Siemers, 2010].

In order to collect recently uploaded images, Autoitscript was used to refresh the Hive Mind page every 5 minutes, with the phrase "berlin wall" in the tag search box and searching under "recent". The new photos, provided they have been some photos uploaded since the previous Autoitscript search, will now be downloaded into a folder.  

Image display/presentation
To manipulate/control the presentation of images, we have used Pure Data. This controls:
  •  how the photos appear and disappear - controlling the image size to first appear small and then enlarge, pause for 2 seconds, and then reduce to nothing again,
  •  to which positions (there are 3 positions in this prototype window) to display the images in,
  •  and select a random image from the 50 recent photos that have been downloaded by Autoitscript.




Elements to consider, or to refine, are:
  • length of time each image is displayed, and between each photo to appear in one of the windows, 
  • what the size of the window is to be (for the prototype, it is only large enough to display 3 photos),
  • how the images appear and disappear: speed, size, opacity, and quantity of images.

Autoitscript (2010) http://www.autoitscript.com/autoit3/index.shtml [02/08/2010]
IEM [2010] Pure Data. [Online] http://puredata.info/ [02/08/2010]
Siemers, N. [2010] Flickr Hive Mind. [Online] http://fiveprime.org/ [02/08/2010]
WIG [2010] WebImageGrab version 7.5. [Online]
http://www.sas21.de/apps/webimagegrab/ [02/08/2010]

creating PDF files online

5 PDF file conversions
web conferencing with up to 3 people
presentations creation and shared data and list management
forum based support

https://acrobat.com/#page=signup_only&su=1

Adobe Systems Incorporated (2010) Convert to PDF. [Online] http://www.adobe.com/acom/createpdf/ [31/07/2010]

Sunday, 1 August 2010

Graft

The Graft website has a visual which gives the impression that the world is alive, organic, and made of numerous small individual dots.

Graft [2010] http://www.graftlab.com/ [01/07/2010]

Microsoft Live Labs Pivot

Microsoft Silverlight, launched to compete with Flash, visualises data in the form of tables, combining similar images on the internet (Bedwell, 2010). Another tool to visualise images based on data, and keywords.


Bedwell, H. (2010) Microsoft Pivot. [Online] http://www.contentandmotion.co.uk/social-media-pr-blog/infographic-visualisation-tools/ [01/08/2010]

visualising text into structures



This is possibly for later stages to develop my project, linking words/ideas/values together with another, with photographs - and the possibilities of visualising text too.

Gambette, P. (2009) Visualising a Text with a Tree Cloud. [Online]

visualising text into structures



This is possibly for later stages to develop my project, linking words/ideas/values together with another, with photographs - and the possibilities of visualising text too.

Gambette, P. (2009) Visualising a Text with a Tree Cloud. [Online]

more visualising tools

Ideas of visualisation, some that can link concepts or text-based information to images, and with Flickr images, which could contribute towards my project.

Collects Flickr uploaded images, and visualises
Flickrtime [2010] The Moment. [Online]
http://www.hottoast.org/convexstyle/flickrtime/ [01/08/2010]

Articles, linked with photographs
Newsmap (2010) [Online] http://newsmap.jp/ [01/08/2010]

Various functions, to track activities on websites and searches
Crazy Egg (2010) What does Crazy Egg do? [Online] https://www.crazyegg.com/overview
[01/08/2010]


http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2007/08/02/data-visualization-modern-approaches/ [01/08/2010]
http://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2009/06/50-great-examples-of-data-visualization/ [01/08/2010]
http://hootsuite.com/ [01/08/2010]
http://www.twitscoop.com/ [01/08/2010]

why and how of visualisation

Methodological visualisation of data, illustrated by Joel Laumans, offering ideas about patterns of display and presentation.

Laumans, J. [2010] An Introduction to Visualising Data. [Online]

http://piksels.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/visualizingdata.pdf [01/08/2010]

Thursday, 29 July 2010

Project B-05

The Local
Project B-05
Some of the world’s most prominent modern artists have been brought together in a unique exhibition at complex of Cold War bunkers outside Koblenz. Michael Woodhead reports.
The woods surrounding Montabaur in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate have become an unusual cultural centre for artists. Instead of housing NATO’s nuclear warheads as it once did, a complex of abandoned bunkers is now home to a nascent artist colony. 
Dubbed Project B-05, the centre has even attracted the likes of legendary German director Werner Herzog, who is known to be picky over where his art is shown. His short film on the hellish scenes of burning oil wells after the first Gulf War was the centre piece of the exhibition ‘Traces of the Sun,’ subtitled ‘An Apocalyptic Opera.’
“He was reluctant to allow us to have it at first and asked for a five figure sum,” said the curator Oliver Zybok. “Then when the concept of the bunkers now becoming a centre for art was explained to him it caught his imagination. After all his film is about the horrors of war, so he let us have it for what I can only say was a nominal sum.”
Zybok has also put together the current exhibition ‘Optical Shift – The Pleasure of Illusion and Deception.’
“People said they liked the first two shows which were serious and weighty themes dealing with melancholy and the apocalypse and told us what they now wanted was to have a bit fun. So I had the idea of showing the many aspects of the art of illusion,” he said. 
For the first time at B-05 some twenty artists have been brought together covering an international field. They include Adolf Luther, Thomas Ruff, Anthony McDonald and Bridget Riley.
All play with the notion of deceiving the onlooker into believing what they are seeing when in reality the object of their fascination is not what it appears. For example, the work of Rowena Dring, who studied at Chelsea College of Art and Goldsmiths College, looks like a landscape painting but is in fact an incredible patchwork of thousands of cloth pieces sown together. 
“I grew up in a family of needle workers, so I value the art of sowing and thought of a way of bringing this skill into my art,” she said. “When I began doing this in the late nineties it was actually quite a difficult time to be a painter. I began with patchwork of cottages around my home town in Bedfordshire, which I thought would be amusing to portray.”
Since then her work has become dramatically more complex and intricate. “Without a computer it would be almost impossible to work out the size, shape and colour of each piece,” she said.
The bunkers were part of a network of secret NATO munitions depots, some housing nuclear warheads, built under American supervision, to counter the threat of a Soviet attack on Western Europe. They are so massive that demolishing them was financially ruinous so they were left in place and the entire camp locked and deserted.
“I remembered the camp as a child as a mysterious place in the forest where nobody was allowed to go. And when I returned to Germany after living in Los Angeles for much of my adult life I came and looked having heard it was desolate and dilapidated and nobody had any idea what to do with it apart from let nature run riot,” said Jan Nebgen.
It was on his initiative that led to the creation of B-05, with ‘B’ standing for bunker and ‘05’ the year he had the vision to begin the project. Training as a designer, he had been instrumental in setting up exhibitions in California, which he admits with a smile somehow had, unintentionally, bunkers as a theme.
“It was raining and there was fog,” he said, recalling his first sight of the Montabaur munitions camp. “It felt very eerie as I reached the big main gates and saw the warning sign still there that said you would be shot if you came too close. I went around the site and the bunkers emerged one by one out of the mist still camouflaged and now overgrown with vegetation.”
Through sheer persistence and conviction Nebgen managed to persuade skeptical regional officials in Mainz and Montabaur to allow him to fulfill his dream of a creating an artist’s colony. The state of Rhineland-Palatinate eventually gave the project support through its ministry for education, science and culture.
“I think what appeals to anyone who comes here and everyone I have explained the concept to, is the notion that a place that was once used to store weapons of mass destruction is now a place where we celebrate life and culture instead of human destruction,” he said.
It took almost two years of hard work to clear the undergrowth and renovate the camp. During this time Nebgen persuaded several companies to sponsor the centre. His breakthrough came when Skoda Deutschland agreed to become the lead benefactor and partner.
“Every big city has its museum which makes these bunkers totally different,” said curator Zybok. “The area is perfect for showing every kind of media and here you see art in human and natural setting.” (The Local, 2010)
Optical Shift – Illusion und Täusching: June 27 – October 17, B-05 in Montabaur
Thurs 11:00 am – 6:00 pm; Sat 2:00 pm – 7:00 pm; Sun 11:00 am – 6.00 pm
Admission: €5 adults, €4 pensioners, €3 students
Woodhead, M. (2010) Bunkers Trade NATO Nukes for Art. [Online] http://www.thelocal.de/society/20100625-28107.html?utm_source=email&utm_medium=email&utm_content=134 [29/07/2010]

Hasseröder

Hasseröder Hasseroeder was first founded in 1872 as "Zum Auerhahn" in Wernigerode, a town in the Harz region of what today is the eastern German state Saxony-Anhalt. During communist times, Hasseröder was very popular in the Harz region. Following the fall of the Berlin Wall, the beer became the market leader in eastern Germany. Now, Dito says, Hasseröder has its sites set on seducing western German beer drinkers. (Lawton, 2009)
...the key to Hasseröder's success – it is the sixth most popular beer in Germany and the undisputed leader in the eastern part of the country – is possibly its regional origin. 
In communist East Germany, beers often could only be sold in their immediate area, and none was allowed to dominate. Good ones were often exported to the West for hard currency. But Hasseröder – brewed in the small town of Wernigerode – was the main beer in the mountainous Harz region of eastern Germany, a favourite holiday resort. 
"Because of the many holidaymakers that came to the Harz, a lot of outsiders found out about the beer,” Klehr explains. “Hasseröder became a favourite present to bring back."
Like many East German brands, Hasseröder struggled for a few years following the reunification, as people flocked towards West German products. But old East German favourites soon regained their hold, and an apocryphal story tells how football and Hasseröder came together in serendipitous union for the UEFA Cup Final in Turin, Italy in 1993.
"The actual sponsor pulled out at short notice, and a truck with Hasseröder placards on its way to another event happened to be nearby," says Klehr. "An East German beer at the UEFA cup final was a real bombshell, and a source of great pride for East German consumers." 
And now AB InBev is hoping Hasseröder’s exposure at this year’s World Cup will help make it a nationwide favourite. (Knight, 2010)
Knight, B. (2010) Brewer banishes Bud to crown Hasseröder official World Cup beer. [Online] http://www.thelocal.de/society/20100623-28047.html?utm_source=email&utm_medium=email&utm_content=134 [29/07/2010]
Lawton, C. (2009) Ditching the 'Dishwater': Eastern German Beer Scores with World Cup Sponsorship. [Online] http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,657877,00.html [29/07/2010]

Wednesday, 28 July 2010

The Forgiveness Engine



The Forgiveness Engine is a place to make amends. Tell us what you're sorry for or what you're ready to forgive. Your story will be anonymous, but you'll have to log in so we can let people know you've apologized for something or forgiven something—but we'll never say what for. Then other users can match up stories of apology and forgiveness that resonate with them, so three strangers will make a new story together that means something different to everyone. The Forgiveness Engine is based on the idea that online, like in real life, we're not all "friends" and there should be a place online for our bad relationships, as well as our good. [The Forgiveness Engine, 2010]
Websites providing users connections to another, sometimes anonymously, establishing kinds of relation unique to online culture. Individual lifestyles and perceptions could possibly be influenced, as well as their identity, and how they react to social variables.

The Forgiveness Engine [2010] About. [Online]
http://www.theforgivenessengine.com/about [28/07/2010]
The Forgiveness Engine [2010] Coming Soon. [Online]
http://www.theforgivenessengine.com/match [28/07/2010]

Foursquare, Gowalla and Google Latitude

[Gowalla and Foursquare] pioneered the then-uncharted territory of location-based social networking. On Foursquare, a user "checks in" to locations (as pinpointed via satellite) to invite along friends, leave tips glued to GPS coordinates (like ordering advice at restaurants), and compete for digital rewards in the form of badges, or titles like "mayor" (for the user who checks in the most at a venue). Similarly, Gowalla asked users to check in places in order to collect digital goodies, akin to virtual geocaching." (Snow, 2010) 

"When we set out to build Gowalla, we simply wanted to use collectibles and a lightweight game to reward users for exploring the world around them." (Williams, in Snow, 2010).

"Google Latitude broadcasts your location from your mobile phone, letting your friends know where you are and allowing you to keep tabs on them. Latitude shares your current location with your friends by using Google Maps’ My Location feature. Like the iPhone’s built-in geo tools, My Location uses the signals from nearby cellphone towers to plot your whereabouts." (Gilbertson, 2009)

Social networking sites give new ways for its users to interact with one another. Geotagging, which is potentially useful for my project, has been seen as a new privacy concern. People's ideas over privacy has also changed over time, and many don't perceive it as a problem, too. 

Gilbertson, S. (2009) Google Latitude Broadcasts Your Location. [Online] http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2009/02/google-latitude/ [28/07/2010]
Snow, S. (2010) Foursquare vs. Gowalla: Inside the Check-In Wars. [Online] http://www.fastcompany.com/article/foursquare-vs-gowalla-who-will-rule-the-check-in-at-sxsw [28/07/2010]

Gundotra, V. (2009) See where your friends are with Google Latitude. [Online] 
http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/02/see-where-your-friends-are-with-google.html [28/07/2010]
Kiss, J. (2010) Battling it out on the streets: Gowalla v Foursquare. [Online] 
http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/pda/2010/mar/24/digital-media-startups [28/07/2010]

Fall of Berlin Wall was a hot moment for conservation - environment - 28 July 2010 - New Scientist


After the Berlin Wall fell in November 1989, it was only a matter of time before Germany would be reunified and its internal borders redrawn. Over the following 10 months, one man, Michael Succow seized the moment to set aside large chunks of land as nature reserves.
Propelled into the East German government in its dying days, the peatland ecologist managed to get 4.5 per cent of the state's land set aside as national parks and biosphere reserves. These were East Germany's first protected areas... Succow's historic intervention has now been shown to be part of a general trend: countries tend to set aside vast tracts of land for conservation in "hot moments", rather than building protected areas slowly over time.
...
These hot moments often coincided with periods of dramatic social or political change. For many African countries, this was in the 1960s and 1970s, at the end of the colonial era; in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, the peak of activity was in the early 1990s. "Both outgoing and incoming governments are prone to design new protected areas," [Volker] Radeloff told the meeting.
Succow, who had long opposed the East German regime, realised that he had the chance to change history only after he was appointed deputy to environment and water minister Hans Reichelt.
Reichelt, a convinced supporter of the regime, was devastated by its end, but seems to have seen in Succow a chance to correct its dismal environmental record. "He said: 'I have made many mistakes. You must make it better,'" recalls Succow, who was moved into offices in the ministry once occupied by the Stasi secret police and given freedom to employ like-minded colleagues. "In one week, I had a staff of highly motivated people."
On military land, security zones along the border with West Germany and hunting areas set aside for the amusement of the governing elite, Succow's team found that East Germany had jewels of undisturbed biodiversity. A huge chunk was set aside as one of the final acts of its government. And after reunification, other areas prioritised by Succow were also protected, bringing the total to 12 per cent of the land area of the former East Germany.
Radeloff warns that more work is needed to identify the precise combination of circumstances that create hot moments for conservation. He hopes other researchers will study the phenomenon, so that conservationists can effectively target the "when" as well as the "where" of protecting biodiversity. "We need to identify the right moment to strike," he says.
Aldhous, P. (2010) Fall of Berlin Wall was a Hot Moment for Conservation. [Online] http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19233-fall-of-berlin-wall-was-a-hot-moment-for-conservation.html?DCMP=OTC-rss&nsref=online-news [28/07/2010]