Saturday, 23 October 2010

The Lost GDR

20 Years Of German Unity by Patrick Chappatte
"On 9 November 1989 when the Berlin Wall came down I realised German unification would soon follow, which it did a year later. This meant the end of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), the country in which I was born, grew up, gave birth to my two children, gained my doctorate and enjoyed a fulfilling job as a lecturer in English literature at Potsdam University. Of course, unification brought with it the freedom to travel the world and, for some, more material wealth, but it also brought social breakdown, widespread unemployment, blacklisting, a crass materialism and an "elbow society" as well as a demonisation of the country I lived in and helped shape. Despite the advantages, for many it was more a disaster than a celebratory event." (De la Motte, 2009)
Chappatte, P. (2010) 20 Years Of German Unity. [Online] http://www.globecartoon.com/ [22/10/2010]
De la Motte, B. (2009) East Germans lost much in 1989. [Online] http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/nov/08/1989-berlin-wall [22/10/2010]

Monday, 18 October 2010

Chancellor's East German Habits

German chancellor Angela Merkel, who spent her first 35 years in communist East Germany, where people often queued for food, has admitted that the fear of running short of consumer goods continues to haunt her 20 years after unification.

In an interview with the magazine SUPERillu, "founded in East Germany and continues to focus on issues affecting former East Germans" (Connolly, 2010), the German chancellor Angela Merkel admitted that she cannot break her East German habit, where she lived for the first 35 years of her life: "I still buy something as soon as I see it, even when I don't really need it. It's a deep-seated habit stemming from the fact that in an economy where things were scarce you just used to get what you could when you could" (Merkel, in Connolly, 2010).

Her diet continues to be eastern European, claimed the chancellor, "I'm particularly fond of solyanka (a meat and pickled vegetable soup), letcho (a Hungarian vegetable stew) and shashlik (a spicy kebab)," she said. She "has only just got used to the western word supermarket, preferring instead the East German term kaufhalle – literally buying hall" and still uses an East German brand of washing up liquid (Connolly, 2010)
"It took until the 15th or 16th year after German unification before the word supermarkt was able to pass my lips more easily" (Merkel, in Connolly, 2010)
"Merkel's candid remarks reflect just how strongly the planned economy of the GDR shaped the lives of its citizens and how hard many have found adjusting to life in a reunited country which bears little resemblance to their old lives... Merkel described reunification as being "all-in-all positive", but said the experience had been alienating for many. 'We saw the unravelling of everyday life as we knew it – from the world of consumption, through to bureaucracy and the labour market. Adjusting to all of that since 1990 amounts to an unbelievable achievement by East Germans.'" (Connolly, 2010)
Connolly, K. (2010) Angela Merkel reveals her East German food stockpiling habit. [Online]
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/sep/28/angela-merkel-stockpiling-food-east-germany [28/09/2010]


SUPERillu (2010) Kanzlerin zieht Persönliche Bilanz der Einheit: Merkels langer Abschied von der »Kaufhalle«. [Online] http://www.superillu.de/aktuell/Kanzlerin_zieht_persoenliche_Bilanz_der_Einheit_1800061.html [18/10/2010]
Wolff, J. & Baller, D. (2010) Angela Merkel im Exklusiv-Interview: »Eines Tages spricht man mehr von Nord und Süd als von Ost und West«. [Online] http://www.superillu.de/aktuell/Angela_Merkel_im_Exklusiv-Interview_1803138.html [18/10/2010]

Sunday, 17 October 2010

Interview with Conductor Kurt Masur

SPIEGEL: Professor Masur, you're credited with being one of the people who kept the Monday demonstrations held in Leipzig in 1989 to protest the East German government from turning bloody. As the situation was threatening to escalate, loudspeakers in Leipzig broadcast your appeal, in which you asked the city's inhabitants: "We urgently request that you remain calm so as to make peaceful dialogue possible." And, as it turned out, the demonstrations did remain peaceful. What's left of the spirit of that era?
Kurt Masur: I'm reluctant to answer this question. The spirit of those days has pretty much been exhausted, and things haven't turned out well for everyone. In fact, for many people, reunification has meant more suffering than gain. And many are quite desperate.
SPIEGEL: What do you mean by desperate?
Masur: I know of people who decided to kill themselves because they'd lost everything dependable in their lives. Just look in the eyes of the young people: Just one year after reunification, most had lost their sparkle. On the one hand, there's unemployment and the feeling of being superfluous. On the other hand, many in this generation never even try to find a job. They figure out that they can live fairly well off government benefits and earning a little extra money on the side.
One of many who became dissatisfied with the "peaceful revolution" of 1989, Kurt Masur, describes how many East Germans lost hopes around the time of unification.

Kronsbein, J. & Thimm, K. (2010) Interview With Conductor Kurt Masur: 'The Spirit of 1989 Has Been Exhausted'. [Online] http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,721851,00.html#ref=nlint [17/10/2010]

Sunday, 3 October 2010

1378


A student in Germany has developed a game where a player as a border guard can shoot East Germans trying to flee to the West. This game, named "1378 (km)" after the length of the inter-German border, was due to go on sale today, which marks the 20th anniversary of the German unification but has been postponed due to criticism. The creator, Jens Stober, says it is educational and will allow young people to connect with history.

Fischhaber, A. & Reinbold, F. (2010) Shooting East German Escapees: 'Death Strip' Computer Game Sparks Controversy. [Online] http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,720467,00.html#ref=nlint [02/10/2010]
Graupner, H. & Isenson, N. (ed.) (2010) Computer game recreates horrors of former East German border. [Online] http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,6059839,00.html [03/10/2010]

Friday, 1 October 2010

Personal and Social Connections

Gladwell (2010) argues that activists who participate in social change - from the American civil rights to mujahideen in Afghanistan - join and remain through personal, and not ideological, ties. He further claims that social networks, such as Facebook and Twitter, form weaker connections which may be effective in "diffusion of innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, seamlessly matching up buyers and sellers, and the logistical functions of the dating world", but does not lead to high-risk activism.
Even revolutionary actions that look spontaneous, like the demonstrations in East Germany that led to the fall of the Berlin Wall, are, at core, strong-tie phenomena. The opposition movement in East Germany consisted of several hundred groups, each with roughly a dozen members. Each group was in limited contact with the others: at the time, only thirteen per cent of East Germans even had a phone. All they knew was that on Monday nights, outside St. Nicholas Church in downtown Leipzig, people gathered to voice their anger at the state. And the primary determinant of who showed up was “critical friends”—the more friends you had who were critical of the regime the more likely you were to join the protest. (Gladwell, 2010)
He states that online campaigns are fundamentally different to previous social movements by claiming, "Facebook activism succeeds not by motivating people to make a real sacrifice but by motivating them to do the things that people do when they are not motivated enough to make a real sacrifice" (Gladwell, 2010).
"If Martin Luther King, Jr., had tried to do a wiki-boycott in Montgomery, he would have been steamrollered by the white power structure... The things that King needed in Birmingham—discipline and strategy—were things that online social media cannot provide."
Gladwell, M. (2010) Small Change. [Online] http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/10/04/101004fa_fact_gladwell?currentPage=all [01/10/2010]

Sunday, 5 September 2010

Unifying Nations

South Korean President Lee Myung-bak proposed introduction of "reunification tax" on the country's independence day, although the republic and its separated northern counterpart is technically still at war: its relation based on a ceasefire signed in 1953, "with about 1 million soldiers facing off across the Cold War's last great divide" (Cole, 2010). With no clear indication that North and South Korea are close to reconciliation, and no peace treaty replacing the ceasefire, the president noted that "reunification will definitely come" and that "the time has come to start discussing realistic policies", to prepare for a process which some claim could cost over $1 trillion (Cole, 2010). The state-run Korea Institute of Public Finance, in its 2008 report, said the nation needed to set aside at least 12 percent of its gross domestic product annually, with a $931 billion economy, for the first 10 years of reunification (Lim & Kang, 2010).

Polls show above 60 percent of South Koreans wanting unification, sometime in the future, with concerns that 
North Korea, with less than 3% of the South's economy, based on annual gross national income of about $24 billion, in 2009 (Cole, 2010), or per capita income of the South at 18 times that of the North’s in 2009, according to the Bank of Korea in Seoul (Lim & Kang, 2010).

"It is imperative that the two sides choose coexistence instead of confrontation, progress instead of stagnation", although recent developments on the Korean Peninsula has been extremely hostile. North Korea warned that U.S.-South Korea military drill, which it described "all-out war maneuvers" may be met with "the severest punishment", according to the official news agency (Lim & Kang, 2010). In March, South Korea concluded that North was responsible for the sinking of the corvette Cheonan - a claim which was aggressively denied by the North Korean government - and cut off most trade ties with North Korea

The proposal for a reunification tax, first to be made by a South Korean leader, would add "a dose of reality rather than as a far- fetched goal" to the reunification debate, claimed a senior fellow at the Seoul-based Samsung Economic Research Institute, who also noted, "estimates vary on how much reunification will cost, but there is no question that it will cost a lot". Some estimate the cost to be "at between $322 billion to $2.1 trillion over 30 years (Lim & Kang, 2010).

---

A study reported in 2009 shows that some 1.3 trillion euros ($1.9 trillion) have been transferred from the west to rebuild the east (Graham, 2009). The IWH research institute claimed the net transfers from west to east had, "equivalent to over half Germany's total economic output" in the previous year, increased sharply in the past decade.
"The Cologne-based IW economic research institute said this week eastern output per capita would rise to around 80 percent of western levels from 70 percent now over the next decade. Eastern output was around 33 percent of the west in 1991." (Graham, 2009)
It is not simple, however, to compare the two situations, and the German experience is " is not an appropriate benchmark for Korea", claims Gregory (2010). Some of his argument is that:

1) the German constitution calls "for equal treatment in transfers among the states" and trade unions' demands for East-West wage equality "despite huge productivity differentials at the time of reunification" and "East Germans were required to be paid wages well in excess of their productivity", resulting in "persistent and exceptionally high unemployment in the East". He suggests that Koreans "avoid the mistake of requiring wage equality between North and South". He also claims that social welfare transfers in the South are a small percentage of total government, compare to Germany.

2) East Germany had a large industrial sector, compared to North Korea which has largely an agricultural economy. "Former Eastern state enterprises required large subsidies to keep in business", whereas "agriculture recovers quickly once freed of collective and state farms". 

3) Gregory suggests " the desperate welfare situation of the North could be immediately remedied... at relatively low cost" and the borders "to be opened gradually in light of the huge living standard differentials". 

Cole, B. (2010) South Korea President Calls for Reunification Tax. [Online] http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE67E08K20100815 [05/09/2010]

Graham, D. (2009) (ed. Pizzey, C.) Study Shows High Cost of German Reunification: Report. [Online] http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5A613B20091107 [05/09/2010]

Gregory, P. (2010) The Low Cost of Korean Unification. [Online] http://whatpaulgregoryisthinkingabout.blogspot.com/2010/08/low-cost-of-korean-unification.html [05/09/2010]

Lim, B. & Kang, S. (2010) South Korea Calls for Unity Tax as North Slams Drills. [Online] http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-08-15/lee-says-south-korea-may-need-extra-tax-to-pay-for-eventual-reunification.html [05/09/2010]

-

Choe, S. (2010) South Korean Leader Proposes a Tax to Finance Reunification. [Online] http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/16/world/asia/16korea.html [05/09/2010]

D.T. (2010) Invitation to a Reunion. [Online] http://www.economist.com/blogs/asiaview/2010/08/south_koreas_reunification_tax [05/09/2010]

Oliver, C. (2010) Seoul Proposes Korean Unification Tax. [Online] http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7c2afef8-a855-11df-86dd-00144feabdc0.html [05/09/2010]

Friday, 20 August 2010

Borderland interests


http://wapedia.mobi/en/Museums_of_the_inner_German_border

http://europeforvisitors.com/germany/gdr-tourism.htm
http://europeforvisitors.com/germany/potsdam/lindenstrasse-54-55-memorial.htm

Niedersachsen/Sachsen-Anhalt border

Streesow/Schnackenburg/Gartow
http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=de&tl=en&u=http://www.museum-schnackenburg.de/

Museum opening times
May-Oct
Mon to Fri 10-17
Sat 13-17
Sun and Holidays 10-17

Mar-Apr
Mon-Fri 10-16
Sat-Sun 13-16

Easter
Good Friday: 10-16
Holy Saturday 13-16
Easter Sunday 10-16
Easter Monday 10-16

Landwirtschaftliches Museum Böckwitz mit Grenzausstellung
http://www.museum-boeckwitz.de/

sunday:     1 P.M. - 5 P.M.
mon-sat, holiday: by Agreement
Phone: 03900880045
E-mail: info@museum-boeckwitz.de
€ 2

Museum Burg Brome (closed 2009-2011)
http://www.museen-gifhorn.de/burgbrome/burgbrome_start.html
Geöffnet: März – 2. Advent
Mi – Sa 15 – 17 Uhr
Sonn- u. Feiertage 12 – 18 Uhr
Eintritt € 1,–

Junkerende, 38465 Brome
Telefon (0 58 33) 18 20

Schleswig-Holstein/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern border
http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http://grenzausstellung.de/&sl=de&tl=en

Tues, Thurs, Fri and Sun: 14.00-17.00

Priesterkate Büchen - Gudower Straße 1 - 21514 Büchen
Telefon: 04155/6141 - Fax: 04155/3941

the museum in Helmstedt and a preserved section of the border at Hötensleben
http://www.grenzdenkmaeler.de/

Tue 15.00-17.00
Wed 10.00-12.00 and 15.00-17.00

Thu 15.00-18.30
Fri 15.00-17.00
Sat and Sun 10.00-17.00
Monday closed

the former checkpoint on the A2 autobahn near Marienborn
http://www.aidan.co.uk/article_gdr_border_tour.htm


Berlin

1990 – The Path to Unification: An exhibition of the German Historical Museum
6 July 2010 - 10 October 2010 http://www.dhm.de/ausstellungen/wiedervereinigung/index.html

Unter den Linden 2, 10117 Berlin
Open daily 10 a.m.–6 p.m.
Daily ticket for all exhibitions: 5 €

Leipzig/Halle

Naturkunde und Militärgeschichte der Dübener Heide gemeinnützige GmbH im Militaer-Museum Kossa
Dahlenberger Str. 1
04849 Kossa, bei Söllichau
22.50 €
http://www.bunker-kossa.de/
http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,687920-3,00.html

Thursday, 19 August 2010

Otjesd/Leaving


Otjesd/Leaving (2005)
15 min, color, sound

Otjesd (Отъезд) is a short film by Clemens von Wedemeyer, focusing on the immigration of Russians to Germany, an increasing phenomenon seen after the opening of the Berlin Wall and the changes in Eastern Europe. The 15 minute film is filmed in a single shot - and was shown as a continuum at the Kunstmuseum Stuttgart - capturing "an imaginary scene of people waiting for visas in front of the German consulate in Moscow", with the camera follows a young woman trying to enter the building [UbuWeb, 2010]. The Russian dialogues in the original film are "not dubbed or subtitled, creating for the viewer an atmosphere of confusion and disorientation" and "the scene was shot neither at a consulate nor in Moscow, but in a forest near Berlin" [UbuWeb, 2010]. 

UbuWeb [2010] Clemens von Wedemeyer. [Online]
http://www.ubu.com/film/wedemeyer_otjesd.html [19/08/2010]

Shortfilm.de [2010] Clemens von Wedemeyer. [Online]

Monday, 16 August 2010

8-bit Berlin



The 8-Bit Cities project was an attempt to make a city feel "foreign yet familiar" by combining together lo-fi world maps with GPS and other geographically accurate data available today, to provide abstract sense of scale,  urge for exploration and excitement [Camper, 2010]. The project was created on open source software, data packages and OpenStreetMap.

Camper, B. [2010] Why? How? [Online] http://8bitcity.com/map?London [16/08/2010]

Tuesday, 10 August 2010

V&A


Norbert Enker

Norbert Enker photographs the Wall between 1989 and 1992. 


'One of the greatest architectural monstrosities of German history exists no more: the Berlin Wall. 
The sheer bewilderment generated by the building of the wall was matched by the disbelief when the wall finally came down. It had been predicted that the wall would stand for a hundred years – a prophecy that did not come true. 
The Berlin Wall, a demarcation line that divided two political systems right in the middle of the city, could suddenly be crossed again without any problems.' 



'With the official declaration that the wall no longer represented a barrier separating the citizens of Berlin, it didn't take long before the wall became an object of economic interest and even a source of nostalgia. Tourists began pouring into the former so-called 'death strip'. Business boomed in the sale of Berlin Wall souvenirs. Buying a chunk of the wall meant being able to take a piece of German history home with you.' 


'When the wall came down, a huge strip of land running through Berlin opened up for construction projects, ranging from cautious urban planning to brutal speculators and the long-term strategies of large corporations. 
It was inevitable that the wall, as symbol of the separation of East and West Germany, would very quickly be consigned to history and that any visible traces of it would be erased within a few years.' 


'It seemed important to me at the time to record the healing process of the historical wound and the scar that was left behind, possibly to the point at which all historical traces became completely erased. Documenting this process was, and remains, a major part of my work as a photographer because the Berlin Wall is a unique phenomenon in modern history and has great symbolic significance for the future of Germany.' 


'In this respect, I would describe my work as a process of gathering the photographic evidence of history.' [Enker, in Laif, 2010]

Enker, N. [2010] Grenzfall. [Online] http://www.norbert-enker-works.de/?mod=portfolio&galID=1&nr=1 [10/08/2010]
Laif [2010] A Borderline Case - Norbert Enker in Hamburg. [Online]
http://www.laif.de/en/article/25478.html [10/08/2010]

Sunday, 8 August 2010

miniature checkpoint



Brandt, E. (2008) Reunification in Miniature. [Online]
http://geotypografika.com/2008/10/02/reunification-in-miniature/ [31/07/2010]

Friday, 6 August 2010

The collapse of European communism, linked with the Berlin Wall, had "a profound effect on British theatremaking" claims Haydon (2009), arguing that "it was possible for British theatremakers to affect a kind of ersatz revolutionary stance", providing a strong and "convenient position" to be critical of the government or capitalism, that "there was a sense that idealism could be powerful, that it could have regime-changing consequences".

In Britain, "it felt as if we'd lost any meaningful opposition" while eastern Europeans were celebrating their newly found freedom...
"A new age of powerlessness had begun, from which I believe we're yet to fully recover. While old leftist playwrights such as David Hare and David Edgar wrote about this changed political landscape (all the way from The Shape of the Table to Berlin, new dramatists began to examine the bleakness of life under unopposed capitalism). Change became personal at best, impossible at worst. Theatre started to look at ways for idealists to co-exist with capitalism. 'We're all part of the system, so let's all try to be nice' seemed to be the new attitude... we now live in a country where half of the banks are virtually state-owned – and there's no talk of an alternative. It feels very much like three generations watching the Berlin Wall being smashed also experienced the breaking of something much bigger." (Haydon, 2009)

Thursday, 5 August 2010

MADA MSN3 Critical Evaluation

8th August 2010

This Self-Negotiated unit has provided an in-depth learning experience for me to engage in a thorough research and to focus on those topics of my choice, and it has also allowed me to reflect on the MADA as a whole as it reaches the end of my first year. In this evaluation, I would like to focus on three things:
1) General overview of my experiences,
2) Issues and challenges which have I have become aware of, both theoretical and technical, and 
3) How those issues have provided me with ideas and insights further develop myself.

The unit started with various issues that were unexpected, and often I was unclear to where this project was going, for how far it would go. I was unable to focus on the unit at an early stage as work from my other units had affected the amount of time I could devote. Time management also became problematic towards the end of the unit due to my professional commitment, which resulted as inconsistency in approach to my research and production. I found it difficult to follow my timescale originally proposed in my learning agreement, and this is one of the prominent elements which reflect in the stage I am at in my project.

There are several issues that have come up during the process of research and production, both technical and theoretical. Various concerns started to form as I began my research, showing technical challenges to the project, however, it should be noted that these obstacles resulted in clarifying how I could approach and manage my work scheme as a whole, and schedules for analysis and evaluation was carried out accordingly. Although I have managed to put together a prototype to show the fundamental ideas and highlighted development potentials, two weeks of delay in research on visual presentation which resulted in delaying of production, has left me with small amount of time to reach the final result in time for the twentieth anniversary of the German unification, on 3 October, 2010.

One of the challenges I faced was a technical issue, which involved locating search engines that enabled me to filter and apply the criteria I felt essential. This was made possible only after I had a tutorial with Dr. Phil Archer, a lecturer at NUCA, who also provided me with an enormous amount of skills and knowledge on coding – another crucial tool for the structural basis of my project. Arranging for a tutorial involved discussing it with several lecturers before I could pinpoint what I needed to, and organizational communication was a contributing factor of delay. Coding with Pure Data and Autoitscript, of which I had no understanding of, has contributed greatly towards learning about the digital culture. I feel this was possible due to the nature of this unit, allowing me to endeavor on a project with specialized practices, including an investigation of digital and online methods of data collection; tagging digital mapping and visualization; and publicly accommodated photographic images and how photographers relate to and define their works of images.

My original intention proposed in my learning agreement, to “display an image of the Berlin Wall composed of series of smaller photographs, uploaded online” to represent individuals and their perceptions, is yet completed. Although there are artists and scholars who have connected descriptive text or phrases to photographs online or via their databases (Whitelaw, 2010; Harris, & Kamvar, 2006), I have not been able to directly display the link between perceptions and images. Research on Berliners’ emotions and perceptions were carried out accordingly, although through the process I have realized Flash nor Premiere were fit for use in this project, and introduced programs such as Autoitscript and Pure Data for control and manipulation of images collected online through Flickr Hive Mind. I have not been able to locate the venue or format for means of presentation, but this will become relevant when the project is nearer its completion. Technical challenges, such as representing the ratio of photographs true to its original, appearances of image: time, size, quantity, opacity, overall display of images, and accuracy of individually tagged images – which also raises theoretical questions to definitions of collected images (Pink, 2005) – still remain.

The concept of this project, to visualise Berliners’ perceptions and/or emotions, also raised new set of dilemmas. Through the research process, I have identified and connected the issue of psychosocial divide within Germany with more generally spoken digital divide. This acknowledges the gap of accessibility to the internet within citizens of East and West German states, as well as their cultures which involve possessing digital photography equipments, uploading the photographic images online for the wider public to view, or otherwise. Therefore concepts based on digital technology will, to varying extent, reflecting a stronger Western influence of perceptions – potentially neglecting view and values of citizens in the new Eastern states of Germany, and possibly projecting Western bias.

On reflection, I am confident to claim that the original intent of this project, to visualize Berliners’ perceptions, has partially reached its goal. Through research it became clear that it is technologically possible, with remaining challenges, and has established that values or personal narratives can be connected to photographic images via the web.

This project has also helped me refocus on my areas of expertise, as well as developing, in photojournalism and sociopolitical science. Social phenomena and trends are influenced by historical and cultural environment, and the dialectic characteristics of Berlin, becoming two opposing forces under the influence of the Cold War rivals, and the psychological and cultural effects which are still evident in the unified city today. Based on my previous research on Berliners’ and perceptions on unification, I was able to develop my understanding of visual representation, as well as its current trend of narrative online. Within the culture strengthened by individual initiatives such as blogging, and mass-scale and bottom-up management seen in collective editing and tagging and engaging in them myself, I have gained further understanding of internet and how it influences people’s lives and values. Cultural divide between those with access to internet in comparison to those without, could be applied to former East and West German citizens, and opened up a further scope in researching their interactions online. This will enhance current understandings of the so-called “Wall in the head” or Mauer im Kopf – a term often used to emphasise the divide of individual perceptions and values in two halves of Germany – alongside social and psychological researches carried out to this day.

References: 
Harris, J. & Kamvar, S. (2006) An exploration of human emotion, in six movements. [Online]
http://www.wefeelfine.org/ [04/08/2010]
Pink, D. (2005) Folksonomy. [Online]
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/11/magazine/11ideas1-21.html?_r=1 [04/08/2010]
Vander Wal, T. (2010) Understanding the Cost of We Can't Find Anything. [Online] http://www.personalinfocloud.com/folksonomy/ [04/08/2010]
Whitelaw, M. (2010) CommonsExplorer. [Online] http://visiblearchive.blogspot.com/ [01/08/2010]

MNS3 Presentation


Wednesday, 4 August 2010

Google Insights for "Berlin Wall" Search


Google Insights for Search* picks up quantitative data from the internet with given filter and search terms. The chart above is the search result from: terms berlin wall, berliner mauer; Worldwide, 2004 - present; covering categories: Arts & Humanities, Entertainment, Local, Society, News & Current Events, Reference. Two trends emerge here for the English term "berlin wall": showing a peak in November 2009, 20th anniversary of the Wall being breached which accumulated global interest; as well as repeating global pattern, where every May sees the highest buzz of the year. In contrast, "berliner mauer" (German for the Berlin Wall) sees more an evened out trend, with an increase, over the anniversary.

*The Search analyses a portion of worldwide Google web searches from all Google domains to compute the number of searches that have been done for the terms that you've entered, relative to the total number of searches done on Google over time. You can choose to see data for select Google properties, including Web search, Images, Product search and News search (certain properties aren't currently available in all countries/territories).

On the results page, you'll see:
a graph with the search volume, indicating interest over time (GMT) for your terms, plotted on a scale from 0 to 100; the totals are indicated next to bars by the search terms (read more about how we scale and normalise the data)
a breakdown of how the categories are classified
lists of the top searches and top rising searches
a world heat map graphically displaying the search volume index with defined regions, cities and metros
Keep in mind that Insights for Search uses data aggregated over millions of users without personally identifiable information and is powered by computer algorithms. In addition, it only displays results for search terms that receive a significant amount of traffic and enforces minimum thresholds for inclusion in the tool.


Google Insights for Search (2010) Web Search Interest: berlin wall, berliner mauer. [Online] 

Folksonomy

What was once claimed "a new approach to [online] categorization" (Pink, 2005), might help my project. Tagging by users, for example on Flickr, allows searches to retrieve a particular categories of photos. Although some say people are not categorizing information, but "throwing words out there for their own use", the system produces a self-organized classification of digital material online. Whilst other people can examine and label your photos, and "is idiosyncratic rather than systematic" which sacrifices "perfection" to lower the barrier to entry.
"Officials from the Guggenheim, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and a half-dozen other establishments are taking a folksonomic approach to their online collections by allowing patrons to supplement the specialized lexicon of curators". (Pink, 2005)
Pink, D.H. (2005) Folksonomy. [Online] http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/11/magazine/11ideas1-21.html?_r=3 [04/08/2010]

Unification not Complete

"German unification is not complete", Angela Merkel admitted shortly before the 20th anniversary of the Wall's opening (SMD, 2009). Many in Germany still feels "the economic, social and psychological divisions once demarcated by the Wall" and "the country had yet to fulfil promises made when East and West reunited in 1990", claimed CNN (2009).

She has also said that Germany faced "a challenge the likes of which it has not seen since reunification," a reference to the immense costs of raising the social and economic standards in the former East to the levels equivalent to western regions (Dempsey, 2009). 

"In the new (former East German) states we also have far greater structural unemployment than is the case in the old federal republic", claimed the German chancellor, and reunification a "political and economic success for the people in all parts of Germany" even though it has "not yet been achieved in all areas"   (DPA, 2010)

Interior Minister, Thomas de Maiziere, who had been a state secretary for West Germany - and his cousin Lothar de Maiziere was East Germany’s only freely elected premier - argued, "we objectively had too little time, we were driven people". West Germans had taken a "paternalistic stance towards the East — along the lines of 'we know what’s right for our sisters and brothers in the East'", stated de Maiziere, although "in truth, we did not know" (DPA, 2010)

These reports confirm the mentality in Germany, that after 20 years since the Wall was breached and €1.3 trillion (SMD, 2009) later, the social and psychological divide is still evident. 

CNN (2009) Berlin celebrates night that changed world. [Online] 
http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/11/09/berlin.wall.anniversary/index.html [04/08/2010]
Dempsey, J. (2009) Merkel Says Worst Still Ahead in Germany. [Online] http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/11/business/global/11debt.html?_r=1 [04/08/2010]
DPA (2010) 20 years on, German reunification still not complete: Merkel. [Online] http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article487380.ece [04/08/2010]
SMD (2009) 20 Years On Berlin Celebrates the Day the Wall Fell. [Online] http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,660134,00.html [04/08/2010]

The Visible Archive


Whitelaw and Hinton began working for a "show everything" interface for the State Library of New South Wales, Australia, then developed the idea for the Flickr Commons (Whitelaw, 2010). He has also worked on A1 Explorer, another interface where key phrases are linked to archived photographs.

This is an idea to connect the uploaded photographs in my project with words, from photo description of the images or blogs, to link images and text which may include preceptions.


Whitelaw, M. (2010) CommonsExplorer. [Online] http://visiblearchive.blogspot.com/ [01/08/2010]

Monday, 2 August 2010

tutorial with Phil

22 July 2010

discussed ways of:
a) collecting photographic data online, and
b) coding, to visualise/control the collected images.

Online image data collection
WIG 
Searches Google under a set criterion and keywords, downloads the images and then saves in a folder. Free version (WIG Light) or €20 for a version with no limits to the amount of images to download. It can also translate search phrase into other languages [WIG, 2010].


Another website introduced to me was Fiveprime and its Flickr Hive Mind. Hive Mind is a "data mining tool" which allows users to sort photographic images from Flickr, that includes searching images with licenses that allow non-commercial and commercial use [Siemers, 2010].

In order to collect recently uploaded images, Autoitscript was used to refresh the Hive Mind page every 5 minutes, with the phrase "berlin wall" in the tag search box and searching under "recent". The new photos, provided they have been some photos uploaded since the previous Autoitscript search, will now be downloaded into a folder.  

Image display/presentation
To manipulate/control the presentation of images, we have used Pure Data. This controls:
  •  how the photos appear and disappear - controlling the image size to first appear small and then enlarge, pause for 2 seconds, and then reduce to nothing again,
  •  to which positions (there are 3 positions in this prototype window) to display the images in,
  •  and select a random image from the 50 recent photos that have been downloaded by Autoitscript.




Elements to consider, or to refine, are:
  • length of time each image is displayed, and between each photo to appear in one of the windows, 
  • what the size of the window is to be (for the prototype, it is only large enough to display 3 photos),
  • how the images appear and disappear: speed, size, opacity, and quantity of images.

Autoitscript (2010) http://www.autoitscript.com/autoit3/index.shtml [02/08/2010]
IEM [2010] Pure Data. [Online] http://puredata.info/ [02/08/2010]
Siemers, N. [2010] Flickr Hive Mind. [Online] http://fiveprime.org/ [02/08/2010]
WIG [2010] WebImageGrab version 7.5. [Online]
http://www.sas21.de/apps/webimagegrab/ [02/08/2010]